SELECT 
  cscart_categories.category_id, 
  cscart_categories.parent_id, 
  cscart_categories.id_path, 
  cscart_category_descriptions.category, 
  cscart_categories.position, 
  cscart_categories.status, 
  cscart_categories.company_id 
FROM 
  cscart_categories 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_category_descriptions ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_category_descriptions.category_id 
  AND cscart_category_descriptions.lang_code = 'ja' 
WHERE 
  1 = 1 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A') 
  AND cscart_categories.parent_id IN (166) 
  AND cscart_categories.id_path LIKE '166/%' 
  AND cscart_categories.category_id IN(
    167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 166, 175, 
    176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 185, 
    186, 187, 188, 189, 174, 190, 191, 193, 
    194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 
    202, 203, 204, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 
    213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 
    221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 
    229, 230, 231, 232, 234, 235, 236, 237, 
    238, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 
    247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 
    263, 255, 165
  ) 
ORDER BY 
  cscart_categories.is_trash asc, 
  cscart_categories.position asc, 
  cscart_category_descriptions.category asc

Query time 0.00146

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "filesort": {
      "sort_key": "cscart_categories.is_trash, cscart_categories.position, cscart_category_descriptions.category",
      "temporary_table": {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_categories",
          "access_type": "ref",
          "possible_keys": [
            "PRIMARY",
            "c_status",
            "parent",
            "id_path",
            "p_category_id"
          ],
          "key": "parent",
          "key_length": "3",
          "used_key_parts": ["parent_id"],
          "ref": ["const"],
          "rows": 6,
          "filtered": 40.96385574,
          "attached_condition": "(cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' or find_in_set(0,cscart_categories.usergroup_ids) or find_in_set(1,cscart_categories.usergroup_ids)) and cscart_categories.`status` = 'A' and cscart_categories.id_path like '166/%' and cscart_categories.category_id in (167,168,169,170,171,172,166,175,176,177,178,179,180,181,182,185,186,187,188,189,174,190,191,193,194,195,196,197,198,199,200,201,202,203,204,208,209,210,211,212,213,214,215,216,217,218,219,220,221,222,223,224,225,226,227,228,229,230,231,232,234,235,236,237,238,240,241,242,243,244,245,246,247,248,249,250,251,252,253,254,263,255,165)"
        },
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_category_descriptions",
          "access_type": "eq_ref",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "key_length": "9",
          "used_key_parts": ["category_id", "lang_code"],
          "ref": ["smscrm_edev.cscart_categories.category_id", "const"],
          "rows": 1,
          "filtered": 100,
          "attached_condition": "trigcond(cscart_category_descriptions.lang_code = 'ja')"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Result

category_id parent_id id_path category position status company_id
175 166 166/175 カー用品 20 A 0
174 166 166/174 AV機器 30 A 0
234 166 166/234 携帯電話 40 A 0
177 166 166/177 携帯音楽プレーヤー 50 A 0
196 166 166/196 デジカメ & ビデオ 60 A 0
254 166 166/254 ゲーム機本体 70 A 0