SELECT 
  cscart_categories.category_id, 
  cscart_categories.parent_id, 
  cscart_categories.id_path, 
  cscart_category_descriptions.category, 
  cscart_categories.position, 
  cscart_categories.status, 
  cscart_categories.company_id 
FROM 
  cscart_categories 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_category_descriptions ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_category_descriptions.category_id 
  AND cscart_category_descriptions.lang_code = 'ja' 
WHERE 
  1 = 1 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A') 
  AND cscart_categories.parent_id IN (250) 
  AND cscart_categories.id_path LIKE '250/%' 
  AND cscart_categories.category_id IN(
    167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 166, 175, 
    176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 185, 
    186, 187, 188, 189, 174, 190, 191, 193, 
    194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 
    202, 203, 204, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 
    213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 
    221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 
    229, 230, 231, 232, 234, 235, 236, 237, 
    238, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 
    247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 
    263, 255, 165
  ) 
ORDER BY 
  cscart_categories.is_trash asc, 
  cscart_categories.position asc, 
  cscart_category_descriptions.category asc

Query time 0.00145

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "filesort": {
      "sort_key": "cscart_categories.is_trash, cscart_categories.position, cscart_category_descriptions.category",
      "temporary_table": {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_categories",
          "access_type": "ref",
          "possible_keys": [
            "PRIMARY",
            "c_status",
            "parent",
            "id_path",
            "p_category_id"
          ],
          "key": "parent",
          "key_length": "3",
          "used_key_parts": ["parent_id"],
          "ref": ["const"],
          "rowid_filter": {
            "range": {
              "key": "id_path",
              "used_key_parts": ["id_path"]
            },
            "rows": 3,
            "selectivity_pct": 3.614457831
          },
          "rows": 3,
          "filtered": 3.614457846,
          "attached_condition": "(cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' or find_in_set(0,cscart_categories.usergroup_ids) or find_in_set(1,cscart_categories.usergroup_ids)) and cscart_categories.`status` = 'A' and cscart_categories.id_path like '250/%' and cscart_categories.category_id in (167,168,169,170,171,172,166,175,176,177,178,179,180,181,182,185,186,187,188,189,174,190,191,193,194,195,196,197,198,199,200,201,202,203,204,208,209,210,211,212,213,214,215,216,217,218,219,220,221,222,223,224,225,226,227,228,229,230,231,232,234,235,236,237,238,240,241,242,243,244,245,246,247,248,249,250,251,252,253,254,263,255,165)"
        },
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_category_descriptions",
          "access_type": "eq_ref",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "key_length": "9",
          "used_key_parts": ["category_id", "lang_code"],
          "ref": ["smscrm_edev.cscart_categories.category_id", "const"],
          "rows": 1,
          "filtered": 100,
          "attached_condition": "trigcond(cscart_category_descriptions.lang_code = 'ja')"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Result

category_id parent_id id_path category position status company_id
251 250 250/251 計算機 10 A 0
252 250 250/252 オフィス文具 20 A 0
253 250 250/253 金庫 30 A 0