SELECT 
  cscart_products.* 
FROM 
  cscart_products 
WHERE 
  cscart_products.product_id IN (
    188, 189, 190, 191, 1, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 
    12
  )

Query time 0.00049

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "3",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 12,
      "filtered": 100,
      "index_condition": "cscart_products.product_id in (188,189,190,191,1,5,7,8,9,10,11,12)"
    }
  }
}